Unix time passed 1 000 000 000 seconds on 2001-09-09T01:46:40Z. It was celebrated in Copenhagen, Denmark at a party held by (at 03:46:40 local time).Unix time (also known as Epoch time, POSIX time, seconds since the Epoch, or UNIX Epoch time ) is a system for describing a. It is the number of that have elapsed since the Unix epoch, that is the time 00:00:00 on 1 January 1970, minus. Leap seconds are ignored, with a leap second having the same Unix time as the second before it, and every day is treated as if it contains exactly 86 400 seconds. Due to this treatment, Unix time is not a true representation of UTC.Unix time is widely used in. In operating systems, date is a command which will print or set the current time; by default, it prints or sets the time in the system time zone, but with the -u flag, it prints or sets the time in UTC and, with the TZ environment variable set to refer to a particular time zone, prints or sets the time in that time zone. Contents.Definition Two layers of encoding make up Unix time.
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The first layer encodes a point in time as a which represents the number of seconds that have passed since 00:00:00 UTC Thursday, 1 January 1970. The second layer encodes that number as a sequence of bits or decimal digits.As is standard with UTC, this article labels days using the, and counts times within each day in hours, minutes, and seconds.
Converting unix time into date-time via excel. Ask Question Asked 2 years, 5 months ago. Active 3 days ago. Viewed 64k times 30. Trying to convert 099.00 Unix time into a readable date time. Convert epoch time to readable time in excel. UNIX timestamp always in GMT? Stop Excel from automatically converting.
Some of the examples also show (TAI), another time scheme which uses the same seconds and is displayed in the same format as UTC, but in which every day is exactly 86 400 seconds long, gradually losing with the Earth's rotation at a rate of roughly one second per year.Encoding time as a number Unix time is a single signed number which increments every second, without requiring the calculations to determine year, month, day of month, hour and minute required for intelligibility to humans.The Unix is the time 00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970. There is a problem with this definition, in that UTC did not exist in its current form until 1972; this issue is discussed below. For brevity, the remainder of this section uses date and time format, in which the Unix epoch is 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.The Unix time number is zero at the Unix epoch, and increases by exactly 86 400 per day since the epoch.
Thus 2004-09-16T00:00:00Z, 12 677 days after the epoch, is represented by the Unix time number 12 677 × 86 400 = 1 095 292 800. This can be extended backwards from the epoch too, using negative numbers; thus 1957-10-04T00:00:00Z, 4472 days before the epoch, is represented by the Unix time number −4472 × 86 400 = −386 380 800. This applies within days as well; the time number at any given time of a day is the number of seconds that has passed since the midnight starting that day added to the time number of that midnight.Because Unix time is based on an epoch, and because of a common misunderstanding that the Unix epoch is the only epoch (often called ' the Epoch' ), Unix time is sometimes referred to as Epoch time. Leap seconds The above scheme means that on a normal UTC day, which has a duration of 86 400 seconds, the Unix time number changes in a manner across midnight. This section's factual accuracy is. Relevant discussion may be found on.
Please help to ensure that disputed statements are. ( April 2016) Another, much rarer, non-conforming variant of Unix time keeping involves encoding TAI rather than UTC; some Linux systems are configured this way. Because TAI has no leap seconds, and every TAI day is exactly 86400 seconds long, this encoding is actually a pure linear count of seconds elapsed since 1970-01-01T00:00:00 TAI.
This makes time interval arithmetic much easier. Time values from these systems do not suffer the ambiguity that strictly conforming POSIX systems or NTP-driven systems have.In these systems it is necessary to consult a table of leap seconds to correctly convert between UTC and the pseudo-Unix-time representation.
This resembles the manner in which time zone tables must be consulted to convert to and from; the includes leap second information, and the sample code available from the same source uses that information to convert between TAI-based time stamps and local time. Conversion also runs into definitional problems prior to the 1972 commencement of the current form of UTC (see section below).This TAI-based system, despite its superficial resemblance, is not Unix time.
It encodes times with values that differ by several seconds from the POSIX time values, and does not have the simple mathematical relationship to UTC that is mandated by POSIX.Representing the number A Unix time number can be represented in any form capable of representing numbers. In some applications the number is simply represented textually as a string of decimal digits, raising only trivial additional problems. However, certain binary representations of Unix times are particularly significant.The Unix data type that represents a point in time is, on many platforms, a, traditionally of 32 (but see below), directly encoding the Unix time number as described in the preceding section. Being 32 bits means that it covers a range of about 136 years in total. The minimum representable date is Friday 1901-12-13, and the maximum representable date is Tuesday 2038-01-19.
One second after 03:14:07 UTC 2038-01-19 this representation will. This milestone is anticipated with a mixture of amusement and dread—see.In some newer operating systems, timet has been widened to 64 bits. This expands the times representable by approximately 293 billion years in both directions, which is over twenty times the present per direction.There was originally some controversy over whether the Unix timet should be signed or unsigned.
If unsigned, its range in the future would be doubled, postponing the 32-bit overflow (by 68 years). However, it would then be incapable of representing times prior to the epoch. The consensus is for timet to be signed, and this is the usual practice. The software development platform for version 6 of the operating system has an unsigned 32-bit timet, though older releases used a signed type.The and Unix specifications include the, which includes the time types and functions defined in the header file. The ISO C standard states that timet must be an arithmetic type, but does not mandate any specific type or encoding for it.
POSIX requires timet to be an integer type, but does not mandate that it be signed or unsigned.Unix has no tradition of directly representing non-integer Unix time numbers as binary fractions. Instead, times with sub-second precision are represented using that consist of two integers, the first being a timet (the integral part of the Unix time), and the second being the fractional part of the time number in millionths (in struct timeval) or billionths (in struct timespec). These structures provide a -based data format, which is useful for some applications, and trivial to convert for others.UTC basis The present form of UTC, with leap seconds, is defined only starting from 1 January 1972. Prior to that, since 1 January 1961 there was an older form of UTC in which not only were there occasional time steps, which were by non-integer numbers of seconds, but also the UTC second was slightly longer than the SI second, and periodically changed to continuously approximate the Earth's rotation.
Prior to 1961 there was no UTC, and prior to 1958 there was no widespread; in these eras, some approximation of (based directly on the Earth's rotation) was used instead of an atomic timescale. The precise definition of Unix time as an encoding of UTC is only uncontroversial when applied to the present form of UTC. The Unix epoch predating the start of this form of UTC does not affect its use in this era: the number of days from 1 January 1970 (the Unix epoch) to 1 January 1972 (the start of UTC) is not in question, and the number of days is all that is significant to Unix time.The meaning of Unix time values below +63 072 000 (i.e., prior to 1 January 1972) is not precisely defined. The basis of such Unix times is best understood to be an unspecified approximation of UTC. Computers of that era rarely had clocks set sufficiently accurately to provide meaningful sub-second timestamps in any case. Unix time is not a suitable way to represent times prior to 1972 in applications requiring sub-second precision; such applications must, at least, define which form of UT or GMT they use.As of 2009, the possibility of ending the use of leap seconds in civil time is being considered.
A likely means to execute this change is to define a new time scale, called International Time, that initially matches UTC but thereafter has no leap seconds, thus remaining at a constant offset from TAI. If this happens, it is likely that Unix time will be prospectively defined in terms of this new time scale, instead of UTC. Uncertainty about whether this will occur makes prospective Unix time no less predictable than it already is: if UTC were simply to have no further leap seconds the result would be the same.History. This section needs additional citations for.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( September 2019) The earliest versions of Unix time had a 32-bit integer incrementing at a rate of 60, which was the rate of the system clock on the hardware of the early Unix systems. The value 60 Hz still appears in some software interfaces as a result.
The epoch also differed from the current value. The first edition Unix Programmer's Manual dated 3 November 1971 defines the Unix time as 'the time since 00:00:00, 1 January 1971, measured in sixtieths of a second'.The User Manual also commented that 'the chronologically-minded user will note that 2.32 sixtieths of a second is only about 2.5 years'. Because of this limited range, the epoch was redefined more than once, before the rate was changed to 1 Hz and the epoch was set to its present value of 1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC. This yielded a range of about 136 years, half of it before 1970 and half of it afterwards.As indicated by the definition quoted above, the Unix time scale was originally intended to be a simple linear representation of time elapsed since an epoch. However, there was no consideration of the details of time scales, and it was implicitly assumed that there was a simple linear time scale already available and agreed upon. The first edition manual's definition does not even specify which time zone is used. Several later problems, including the complexity of the present definition, result from Unix time having been defined gradually by usage rather than fully defined from the outset.When was written, the question arose of how to precisely define timet in the face of leap seconds.
The POSIX committee considered whether Unix time should remain, as intended, a linear count of seconds since the epoch, at the expense of complexity in conversions with civil time or a representation of civil time, at the expense of inconsistency around leap seconds. Computer clocks of the era were not sufficiently precisely set to form a precedent one way or the other.The POSIX committee was swayed by arguments against complexity in the library functionsand firmly defined the Unix time in a simple manner in terms of the elements of UTC time. This definition was so simple that it did not even encompass the entire rule of the Gregorian calendar, and would make 2100 a leap year.The 2001 edition of POSIX.1 rectified the faulty leap year rule in the definition of Unix time, but retained the essential definition of Unix time as an encoding of UTC rather than a linear time scale. Since the mid-1990s, computer clocks have been routinely set with sufficient precision for this to matter, and they have most commonly been set using the UTC-based definition of Unix time. This has resulted in considerable complexity in Unix implementations, and in the, to execute steps in the Unix time number whenever leap seconds occur.Notable events in Unix time Unix enthusiasts have a history of holding 'timet parties' (pronounced 'time ') to celebrate significant values of the Unix time number.
These are directly analogous to the celebrations that occur at the change of year in many calendars. As the use of Unix time has spread, so has the practice of celebrating its milestones. Usually it is time values that are round numbers in that are celebrated, following the Unix convention of viewing timet values in decimal. Among some groups round numbers are also celebrated, such as +2 30 which occurred at 13:37:04 UTC on Saturday, 10 January 2004.
The events that these celebrate are typically described as ' N seconds since the Unix epoch', but this is inaccurate; as discussed above, due to the handling of leap seconds in Unix time the number of seconds elapsed since the Unix epoch is slightly greater than the Unix time number for times later than the epoch. At 18:36:57 UTC on Wednesday, 17 October 1973, the first appearance of the date in format (1973-10-17) within the digits of Unix time (119731017) took place. At 01:46:40 UTC on Sunday, 9 September 2001, the Unix billennium (Unix time number 1 000 000 000) was celebrated. The name billennium is a of. Some programs which stored timestamps using a text representation encountered sorting errors, as in a text sort times after the turnover, starting with a 1 digit, erroneously sorted before earlier times starting with a 9 digit.
Affected programs included the popular reader and client, part of the desktop environment. Such bugs were generally cosmetic in nature and quickly fixed once problems became apparent. The problem also affected many Filtrix document-format filters provided with versions of; a patch was created by the user community to solve this problem, since no longer sold or supported that version of the program. At 23:31:30 UTC on Friday, 13 February 2009, the representation of Unix time reached 1 234 567 890 seconds. Celebrated this with a.
Parties and other celebrations were held around the world, among various technical subcultures, to celebrate the 1 234 567 890th second. At 03:33:20 UTC on Wednesday, 18 May 2033, the Unix time value will equal 2 000 000 000 seconds. At 06:28:16 UTC on Thursday, 7 February 2036, will loop over to the next epoch, as the 32-bit time stamp value used in NTP (unsigned, but based on 1 January 1900) will overflow. This date is close to the following date because the 136-year range of a 32-bit integer number of seconds is close to twice the 70-year offset between the two epochs. At 03:14:08 UTC on Tuesday, 19 January 2038, 32-bit versions of the Unix time stamp will cease to work, as it will overflow the largest value that can be held in a signed 32-bit number ( 7FFFFFFF 16 or ).
Before this moment, software using 32-bit time stamps will need to adopt a new convention for time stamps, and file formats using 32-bit time stamps will need to be changed to support larger time stamps or a different epoch. If unchanged, the next second will be incorrectly interpreted as 20:45:52 Friday 13 December 1901 UTC. This is referred to as the. At 05:20:00 UTC on Saturday, 24 January 2065, the Unix time value will equal 3 000 000 000 seconds. At 06:28:15 UTC on Sunday, 7 February 2106, the Unix time will reach FFFFFFFF 16 or 4 294 967 295 seconds which, for systems that hold the time on 32-bit unsigned integers, is the maximum attainable.
For some of these systems, the next second will be incorrectly interpreted as 00:00:00 Thursday 1 January 1970 UTC. Other systems may experience an overflow error with unpredictable outcomes. At 15:30:08 UTC on Sunday, 4 December 292 277 026 596, 64-bit versions of the Unix time stamp cease to work, as it will overflow the largest value that can be held in a signed 64-bit number.
This is nearly 22 times the, which is 1.37×10 10 years (13.7 billion).In literature and calendrics 's novel describes a spacefaring trading civilization thousands of years in the future that still uses the Unix epoch. The ' responsible for finding and maintaining usable code in mature computer systems first believes that the epoch refers to the time when, but then realizes that it is 'the 0-second of one of Humankind's first computer operating systems'. See also.Notes. Retrieved 9 September 2019. ^.
Retrieved 22 January 2017. Matthew, Neil; Stones, Richard (2008). 'The Linux Environment'. Beginning Linux Programming. Indianapolis, Indiana, US: Wiley.
The OpenGroup. Retrieved 22 January 2017. – Commands & Utilities Reference, Issue 7 from. Epoch Converter. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
Retrieved 19 June 2019. International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). Retrieved 19 June 2019. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
Mills, David L. (12 May 2012). Retrieved 21 August 2017. Network Time Protocol Wiki. 24 July 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2020. NetBSD Manual Pages.
12 April 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2019. Linux manual page.
Retrieved 5 July 2019.; Seidelmann, P. TIME—From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics. Weinheim: Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
P. 232. (PDF) (1st ed.).
3 November 1971. Retrieved 28 March 2012. Time returns the time since 00:00:00, 1 Jan.
1971, measured in sixtieths of a second. ^ Tweney, Dylan (12 February 2009).
17 March 2005. Archived from on 27 October 2017. Archived from on 13 April 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
Retrieved 6 December 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2017. nixCraft. Retrieved 6 December 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
Ahmed, Murad (13 February 2009). Retrieved 12 January 2020. Spinellis, Diomidis (7 April 2006). Cite journal requires journal=.
– Ashutosh Saxena and Sanjay Rawat. (27 December 2004). 2 (9): 32–38.External links. by.
Clewett, James. – algorithms to convert between Gregorian and Julian dates and the number of days since the start of Unix time.
— Time access and conversionsThis module provides various time-related functions. For relatedfunctionality, see also the and modules.Although this module is always available,not all functions are available on all platforms. Most of the functionsdefined in this module call platform C library functions with the same name. Itmay sometimes be helpful to consult the platform documentation, because thesemantics of these functions varies among platforms.An explanation of some terminology and conventions is in order.The epoch is the point where the time starts. On January 1st of thatyear, at 0 hours, the “time since the epoch” is zero.
For Unix, the epoch is1970. To find out what the epoch is, look at gmtime(0).The functions in this module do not handle dates and times before the epoch orfar in the future. The cut-off point in the future is determined by the Clibrary; for Unix, it is typically in 2038.Year 2000 (Y2K) issues: Python depends on the platform’s C library, whichgenerally doesn’t have year 2000 issues, since all dates and times arerepresented internally as seconds since the epoch. Functions accepting a(see below) generally require a 4-digit year. For backwardcompatibility, 2-digit years are supported if the module variableaccept2dyear is a non-zero integer; this variable is initialized to 1unless the environment variable is set to a non-emptystring, in which case it is initialized to 0. Thus, you can setto a non-empty string in the environment to require 4-digityears for all year input. When 2-digit years are accepted, they are convertedaccording to the POSIX or X/Open standard: values 69-99 are mapped to 1969-1999,and values 0–68 are mapped to 2000–2068.
Values 100–1899 are always illegal.UTC is Coordinated Universal Time (formerly known as Greenwich Mean Time, orGMT). The acronym UTC is not a mistake but a compromise between English andFrench.DST is Daylight Saving Time, an adjustment of the timezone by (usually) onehour during part of the year. DST rules are magic (determined by local law) andcan change from year to year. The C library has a table containing the localrules (often it is read from a system file for flexibility) and is the onlysource of True Wisdom in this respect.The precision of the various real-time functions may be less than suggested bythe units in which their value or argument is expressed. On most Unixsystems, the clock “ticks” only 50 or 100 times a second.On the other hand, the precision of and is betterthan their Unix equivalents: times are expressed as floating point numbers,returns the most accurate time available (using Unixgettimeofday where available), and will accept a timewith a nonzero fraction (Unix select is used to implement this, whereavailable).The time value as returned by, and, and accepted by, and, may be considered as a sequence of 9 integers. The returnvalues of, and also offerattribute names for individual fields.See for a description of these objects.
Changed in version 2.2: The time value sequence was changed from a tuple to a, withthe addition of attribute names for the fields.Use the following functions to convert between time representations:FromToUseseconds since the epochinUTCseconds since the epochinlocal timeinUTCseconds since the epochinlocal timeseconds since the epochThe module defines the following functions and data items: time. Accept2dyearBoolean value indicating whether two-digit year values will be accepted. Thisis true by default, but will be set to false if the environment variablehas been set to a non-empty string. It may also be modifiedat run time. AltzoneThe offset of the local DST timezone, in seconds west of UTC, if one is defined.This is negative if the local DST timezone is east of UTC (as in Western Europe,including the UK).
Only use this if daylight is nonzero. Asctime ( t )Convert a tuple or representing a time as returned byor to a 24-character string of the followingform: 'Sun Jun 20 23:'. If t is not provided, the current timeas returned by is used. Locale information is not used. Changed in version 2.1: Allowed t to be omitted. Clock ( )On Unix, return the current processor time as a floating point number expressedin seconds.
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The precision, and in fact the very definition of the meaning of“processor time”, depends on that of the C function of the same name, but in anycase, this is the function to use for benchmarking Python or timing algorithms.On Windows, this function returns wall-clock seconds elapsed since the firstcall to this function, as a floating point number, based on the Win32 functionQueryPerformanceCounter. The resolution is typically better than onemicrosecond.
Ctime ( secs )Convert a time expressed in seconds since the epoch to a string representinglocal time. If secs is not provided or, the current time asreturned by is used.
Ctime(secs) is equivalent toasctime(localtime(secs)). Locale information is not used. Changed in version 2.4: If secs is, the current time is used. Mktime ( t )This is the inverse function of.
Its argument is theor full 9-tuple (since the dst flag is needed; use -1as the dst flag if it is unknown) which expresses the time in local time, notUTC. It returns a floating point number, for compatibility with.If the input value cannot be represented as a valid time, eitheror will be raised (which depends onwhether the invalid value is caught by Python or the underlying C libraries).The earliest date for which it can generate a time is platform-dependent. Sleep ( secs )Suspend execution of the current thread for the given number of seconds.The argument may be a floating point number to indicate a more precise sleeptime. The actual suspension time may be less than that requested because anycaught signal will terminate the following execution of thatsignal’s catching routine.
Also, the suspension time may be longer thanrequested by an arbitrary amount because of the scheduling of other activityin the system. Strftime ( format , t )Convert a tuple or representing a time as returned byor to a string as specified by the formatargument.
If t is not provided, the current time as returned byis used. Format must be a string. Israised if any field in t is outside of the allowed range.returns a locale dependent byte string; the result may be converted to unicodeby doing strftime.decode(locale.getlocale1). Changed in version 2.5: 0 is now a legal argument for any position in the time tuple; if it is normallyillegal the value is forced to a correct one.The following directives can be embedded in the format string.
from time import gmtime, strftime strftime ( '%a,%d%b%Y%H:%M:%S +0000', gmtime ) 'Thu, 28 Jun 2001 14:17:15 +0000'Additional directives may be supported on certain platforms, but only theones listed here have a meaning standardized by ANSI C. To see the full setof format codes supported on your platform, consult the strftime(3)documentation.On some platforms, an optional field width and precision specification canimmediately follow the initial '%' of a directive in the following order;this is also not portable.
The field width is normally 2 except for%j whereit is 3. Strptime ( string , format )Parse a string representing a time according to a format. The return value isa as returned by or.The format parameter uses the same directives as those used by; it defaults to '%a%b%d%H:%M:%S%Y' which matches theformatting returned.
If string cannot be parsed according toformat, or if it has excess data after parsing, is raised.The default values used to fill in any missing data when more accurate valuescannot be inferred are (1900, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -1).For example. import time time. Strptime ( '30 Nov 00', '%d%b%y' ) time.structtime(tmyear=2000, tmmon=11, tmmday=30, tmhour=0, tmmin=0, tmsec=0, tmwday=3, tmyday=335, tmisdst=-1)Support for the%Z directive is based on the values contained in tznameand whether daylight is true. Because of this, it is platform-specificexcept for recognizing UTC and GMT which are always known (and are considered tobe non-daylight savings timezones).Only the directives specified in the documentation are supported. Becausestrftime is implemented per platform it can sometimes offer moredirectives than those listed. But strptime is independent of any platformand thus does not necessarily support all directives available that are notdocumented as supported.
StructtimeThe type of the time value sequence returned by,. It is an object with a interface: values can be accessed by index and by attribute name.
Thefollowing values are present:IndexAttributeValues0tmyear(for example, 1993)1tmmonrange 1, 122tmmdayrange 1, 313tmhourrange 0, 234tmminrange 0, 595tmsecrange 0, 61; see (2) indescription6tmwdayrange 0, 6, Monday is 07tmydayrange 1, 3668tmisdst0, 1 or -1; see below. New in version 2.2.Note that unlike the C structure, the month value is a range of 1, 12, not0, 11. A year value will be handled as described under above.In calls to, tmisdst may be set to 1 when daylightsavings time is in effect, and 0 when it is not. A value of -1 indicatesthat this is not known, and will usually result in the correct state beingfilled in.When a tuple with an incorrect length is passed to a function expecting a, or having elements of the wrong type, ais raised. Time ( )Return the time in seconds since the epoch as a floating point number.Note that even though the time is always returned as a floating pointnumber, not all systems provide time with a better precision than 1 second.While this function normally returns non-decreasing values, it can return alower value than a previous call if the system clock has been set back betweenthe two calls.
TimezoneThe offset of the local (non-DST) timezone, in seconds west of UTC (negative inmost of Western Europe, positive in the US, zero in the UK). TznameA tuple of two strings: the first is the name of the local non-DST timezone, thesecond is the name of the local DST timezone.
If no DST timezone is defined,the second string should not be used. Tzset ( )Reset the time conversion rules used by the library routines. The environmentvariable TZ specifies how this is done. It will also set the variablestzname (from the TZ environment variable), timezone (non-DSTseconds West of UTC), altzone (DST seconds west of UTC) and daylight(to 0 if this timezone does not have any daylight saving time rules, or tononzero if there is a time, past, present or future when daylight saving timeapplies). Std offset dst offset , start / time , end / time Where the components are: std and dstThree or more alphanumerics giving the timezone abbreviations. These will bepropagated into time.tzname offsetThe offset has the form: ± hh:mm:ss.
This indicates the valueadded the local time to arrive at UTC. If preceded by a ‘-‘, the timezoneis east of the Prime Meridian; otherwise, it is west. If no offset followsdst, summer time is assumed to be one hour ahead of standard time. Start/time, end/timeIndicates when to change to and back from DST.
The format of thestart and end dates are one of the following: J nThe Julian day n (1. Environ 'TZ' = 'EST+05EDT,M4.1.0,M10.5.0' time. Tzset time. Strftime ( '%X%x%Z' ) '02:07:36 05/08/03 EDT' os. Environ 'TZ' = 'AEST-10AEDT-11,M10.5.0,M3.5.0' time. Tzset time.
Strftime ( '%X%x%Z' ) '16:08:12 05/08/03 AEST'On many Unix systems (including.BSD, Linux, Solaris, and Darwin), it is moreconvenient to use the system’s zoneinfo ( tzfile(5)) database tospecify the timezone rules. To do this, set the TZ environmentvariable to the path of the required timezone datafile, relative to the root ofthe systems ‘zoneinfo’ timezone database, usually located at/usr/share/zoneinfo. For example, 'US/Eastern','Australia/Melbourne', 'Egypt' or 'Europe/Amsterdam'.
See also ModuleMore object-oriented interface to dates and times. ModuleInternationalization services. The locale setting affects the interpretationof many format specifiers in. ModuleGeneral calendar-related functions. Is theinverse of from this module.FootnotesThe use of%Z is now deprecated, but the%z escape that expands to thepreferred hour/minute offset is not supported by all ANSI C libraries.
Also, astrict reading of the original 1982 standard calls for a two-digityear (%y rather than%Y), but practice moved to 4-digit years long before theyear 2000. After that, became obsolete and the 4-digit year hasbeen first recommended by and then mandated.
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